The following structural elements of music are common to all styles:
Kumbengo (accompaniment, groove)
The Kumbengo is the rhythmic-harmonic-melodic ostinato pattern,
which is repeated cyclically with different variations and accentuations
and is constantly varied in subtle ways. This is how you recognize the piece of music.
It is very important that the Kumbengo remains rhythmically absolutely stable and thus maintains the sensation of the constantly circling groove.
There are one- and two-part patterns with a length of usually 4, 6 or 8 beats, which are divided into 2,3,4 or 6 units (pulses).
The rhythmic feeling often changes in the middle of the piece between binary (e.g. 8/8) and ternary (e.g. 12/8),
i.e. a pattern can be played straight (with divisions into groups of 2) or triplet (with divisions into groups of 3).
In two-part patterns, the second part is almost always a variation of the first, which it leads back to in repetition.
The two parts often stand harmoniously in a kind of cadence relationship to one another:
The thumb and index finger usually play different melodies that are linked together polyrhythmically.
A wealth of variation techniques, rhythmic accentuations (Detero), chord accompaniments (Sariro),
as well as solo phrases (Birimintingo) always bring new tension to the long repetitions of the Kumbengo,
which sometimes produce a trance-like effect.
Some pieces have one, others have several Kumbengolu (pl. of Kumbengo),
which are played differently regionally and in the individual Jali families (Griot), but still remain recognizable.
Arrangements
The pieces of music usually begin with a short, free introduction without a defined rhythm (intro),
which is used to establish the mode used (keynote, scale) and to check the mood.
Then the Kumbengo of the piece is played.
First in a simple, clear form, often repeated unchanged many times.
Variations are increasingly being introduced, alternative strings are played,
Octaves and fifths added to prominent tones,
Accents shifted to syncopations, chords broken down to arpeggio.
In certain places in the Kumbengo ("hot spots")
With each repetition a different decoration - Birimintingo - was incorporated or slightly changed.
Occasionally an ornament is extended into a longer solo
- over one or more repetitions of the Kumbengo -
whereby a simple form of the bass figure is continued to be played with the thumbs.
The Birimintingo phrases usually end at the end of a Kumbengo and seamlessly transition into Beat 1 of the repeat.
If sung to music (Muso from Mali), the kora repeats during the often long,
improvised language (Diyamo), singing and recitation phrases (Sataro)
a simple form of Kumbengo without many decorations.
While the singing pauses, Birimintingo is played.
Many pieces have a clear vocal refrain (donkilo), which is played along by the kora - often in unison in octaves.
The pieces of music usually end with a Kumbengo ritardando, a fade out or with a free solo phrase (outro).
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